*Msg- A global variable holding the last recently issued error message. See also
Error Handling, *Err and ^.
: (+ 'A 2)
!? (+ 'A 2)
A -- Number expected
?
:
: *Msg
-> "Number expected"
+Mis- Prefix class to explicitly specify validation functions for
+relations. Expects a function that takes
a value and an entity object, and returns NIL if everything is
correct, or an error string. See also Database.
(class +Ord +Entity) # Order class
(rel pos (+Mis +List +Joint) # List of positions in that order
((Val Obj)
(when (memq NIL Val)
"There are empty positions" ) )
ord (+Pos) )
(macro prg) -> any- Substitues all
pat? symbols in
prg (using fill), and
executes the result with run. Used
occasionally to call functions which otherwise do not evaluate their arguments.
: (de timerMessage (@N . @Prg)
(setq @N (- @N))
(macro
(task @N 0 . @Prg) ) )
-> timerMessage
: (timerMessage 6000 (println 'Timer 6000))
-> (-6000 0 (println 'Timer 6000))
: (timerMessage 12000 (println 'Timer 12000))
-> (-12000 0 (println 'Timer 12000))
: (more *Run)
(-12000 2616 (println 'Timer 12000))
(-6000 2100 (println 'Timer 6000))
-> NIL
: Timer 6000
Timer 12000
...
(made ['lst1 ['lst2]]) -> lst- Initializes a new list value for the current
make environment. All list elements already
produced with chain, link and yoke are discarded, and lst1 is
used instead. Optionally, lst2 can be specified as the new linkage
cell, otherwise the last cell of lst1 is used. When called without
arguments, made does not modify the environment. In any case, the
current list is returned.
: (make
(link 'a 'b 'c) # Link three items
(println (made)) # Print current list (a b c)
(made (1 2 3)) # Discard it, start new with (1 2 3)
(link 4) ) # Link 4
(a b c)
-> (1 2 3 4)
(mail 'any 'cnt|lst 'sym1|lst2 'sym2|lst3 'sym3 'lst4 . prg)'- Sends an eMail via SMTP to a mail server at host
any, port
cnt. If the second argument is a list, it should be a structure
(user password . port), and "@bin/ssl" will be called to establish
an encrypted connection. sym1|lst2 should be the "from" address (or
a cons pair of "reply-to" and "from"), sym2|lst3 the "to"
address(es), and sym3 the subject. lst4 is a list of
attachments, each one specified by three elements for path, name and mime type.
prg generates the mail body with prEval. See also connect.
(mail "localhost" 25 # Local mail server
"a@bc.de" # "From" address
"abu@software-lab.de" # "To" address
"Testmail" # Subject
(quote
"img/go.png" "go.png" "image/png" # First attachment
"img/7fach.gif" "7fach.gif" "image/gif" ) # Second attachment
"Hello," # First line
NIL # (empty line)
(prinl (pack "This is mail #" (+ 3 4))) ) # Third line
(make .. [(made 'lst ..)] .. [(link 'any ..)] ..) -> any- Initializes and executes a list-building process with the
made, chain, link and yoke functions, and returns the resulting list.
The final linkage cell is stored in the global variable @@. For efficiency, pointers to the head and the
tail of the list are maintained internally.
: (make (link 1) (link 2 3) (link 4))
-> (1 2 3 4)
: (make (made (1 2 3)) (link 4))
-> (1 2 3 4)
(map 'fun 'lst ..) -> lst- Applies
fun to lst and all successive CDRs. When
additional lst arguments are given, they are passed to
fun in the same way. Returns the result of the last application.
See also mapc, maplist, mapcar, mapcon, mapcan and filter.
: (map println (1 2 3 4) '(A B C))
(1 2 3 4) (A B C)
(2 3 4) (B C)
(3 4) (C)
(4) NIL
-> NIL
map/3- Pilog predicate that returns a list and
subsequent CDRs of that list, after applying the
get algorithm to that object and the following
arguments. Often used in database queries. See also lst/3.
: (? (db nr +Ord 1 @Ord) (map @L @Ord pos))
@Ord={B7} @L=({A1} {A2} {A3})
@Ord={B7} @L=({A2} {A3})
@Ord={B7} @L=({A3})
-> NIL
(mapc 'fun 'lst ..) -> any- Applies
fun to each element of lst. When
additional lst arguments are given, their elements are also passed
to fun. Returns the result of the last application. See also
map, maplist, mapcar, mapcon, mapcan and filter.
: (mapc println (1 2 3 4) '(A B C))
1 A
2 B
3 C
4 NIL
-> NIL
(mapcan 'fun 'lst ..) -> lst- Applies
fun to each element of lst. When
additional lst arguments are given, their elements are also passed
to fun. Returns a (destructively) concatenated list of all results.
See also map, mapc, maplist, mapcar, mapcon, filter.
: (mapcan reverse '((a b c) (d e f) (g h i)))
-> (c b a f e d i h g)
(mapcar 'fun 'lst ..) -> lst- Applies
fun to each element of lst. When
additional lst arguments are given, their elements are also passed
to fun. Returns a list of all results. See also map, mapc, maplist, mapcon, mapcan and filter.
: (mapcar + (1 2 3) (4 5 6))
-> (5 7 9)
: (mapcar + (1 2 3) 5)
-> (6 7 8)
: (mapcar '((X Y) (+ X (* Y Y))) (1 2 3 4) (5 6 7 8))
-> (26 38 52 68)
(mapcon 'fun 'lst ..) -> lst- Applies
fun to lst and all successive CDRs. When
additional lst arguments are given, they are passed to
fun in the same way. Returns a (destructively) concatenated list of
all results. See also map, mapc, maplist, mapcar, mapcan and filter.
: (mapcon copy '(1 2 3 4 5))
-> (1 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 4 5 5)
(maplist 'fun 'lst ..) -> lst- Applies
fun to lst and all successive CDRs. When
additional lst arguments are given, they are passed to
fun in the same way. Returns a list of all results. See also
map, mapc, mapcar, mapcon, mapcan and filter.
: (maplist cons (1 2 3) '(A B C))
-> (((1 2 3) A B C) ((2 3) B C) ((3) C))
(maps 'fun 'sym ['lst ..]) -> any- Applies
fun to all properties of sym. When
additional lst arguments are given, their elements are also passed
to fun. Returns the result of the last application. Note that
'maps' should only be used when the property list is not modified by
fun. Otherwise it is better to use a loop over the result of
getl. See also putl.
: (put 'X 'a 1)
-> 1
: (put 'X 'b 2)
-> 2
: (put 'X 'flg T)
-> T
: (getl 'X)
-> (flg (2 . b) (1 . a))
: (maps println 'X '(A B))
flg A
(2 . b) B
(1 . a) NIL
-> NIL
(mark 'sym|0 ['NIL | 'T | '0]) -> flg- Tests, sets or resets a mark for
sym in the database (for a
second argument of NIL, T or 0,
respectively), and returns the old value. The marks are local to the current
process (not stored in the database), and vanish when the process terminates. If
the first argument is zero, all marks are cleared.
: (pool "db")
-> T
: (mark '{1} T) # Mark
-> NIL
: (mark '{1}) # Test
-> T # -> marked
: (mark '{1} 0) # Unmark
-> T
: (mark '{1}) # Test
-> NIL # -> unmarked
(match 'lst1 'lst2) -> flg- Takes
lst1 as a pattern to be matched against
lst2, and returns T when successful. Atoms must be
equal, and sublists must match recursively. Symbols in the pattern list with
names starting with an at-mark "@" (see pat?) are taken as wildcards. They can match
zero, one or more elements, and are bound to the corresponding data. See also
chop, split and fill.
: (match '(@A is @B) '(This is a test))
-> T
: @A
-> (This)
: @B
-> (a test)
: (match '(@X (d @Y) @Z) '((a b c) (d (e f) g) h i))
-> T
: @X
-> ((a b c))
: @Y
-> ((e f) g)
: @Z
-> (h i)
(max 'any ..) -> any- Returns the largest of all
any arguments. See also min and Comparing.
: (max 2 'a 'z 9)
-> z
: (max (5) (2 3) 'X)
-> (5)
(maxKey 'tree ['any1 ['any2]]) -> any- Returns the largest key in a database tree. If a minimal key
any1 and/or a maximal key any2 is given, the largest
key from that range is returned. See also tree, leaf, minKey and genKey.
: (maxKey (tree 'nr '+Item))
-> 7
: (maxKey (tree 'nr '+Item) 3 5)
-> 5
(maxi 'fun 'lst ..) -> any- Applies
fun to each element of lst. When
additional lst arguments are given, their elements are also passed
to fun. Returns that element from lst for which
fun returned a maximal value (and stores the maximal value in the
global variable @@). See also mini and sort.
: (setq A 1 B 2 C 3)
-> 3
: (maxi val '(A B C))
-> C
: (maxi # Symbol with largest list value
'((X)
(and (pair (val X)) (size @)) )
(all) )
-> pico
(member 'any 'lst) -> any- Returns the tail of
lst that starts with any when
any is a member of lst, otherwise NIL.
See also memq, assoc and idx.
: (member 3 (1 2 3 4 5 6))
-> (3 4 5 6)
: (member 9 (1 2 3 4 5 6))
-> NIL
: (member '(d e f) '((a b c) (d e f) (g h i)))
-> ((d e f) (g h i))
member/2- Pilog predicate that succeeds if the the first
argument is a member of the list in the second argument. See also
equal/2 and member.
: (? (member @X (a b c)))
@X=a
@X=b
@X=c
-> NIL
(memq 'any 'lst) -> any- Returns the tail of
lst that starts with any when
any is a member of lst, otherwise NIL.
== is used for comparison (pointer
equality). See also member, mmeq, asoq, push1q, delq and Comparing.
: (memq 'c '(a b c d e f))
-> (c d e f)
: (memq (2) '((1) (2) (3)))
-> NIL
(meta 'obj|typ 'sym ['sym2|cnt ..]) -> any- Fetches a property value
any, by searching the property lists
of the classes and superclasses of obj, or the classes in
typ, for the property key sym, and by applying the
get algorithm to the following optional
arguments. See also var:.
: (setq A '(B)) # Be 'A' an object of class 'B'
-> (B)
: (put 'B 'a 123)
-> 123
: (meta 'A 'a) # Fetch 'a' from 'B'
-> 123
(meth 'obj ['any ..]) -> any- This function is usually not called directly, but is used by
dm as a template to initialize the
VAL of message symbols. It searches for itself in the methods of
obj and its classes and superclasses, and executes that method. An
error "Bad message" is issued if the search is unsuccessful. See
also OO Concepts, method, send and try.
: meth
-> 67283504 # Value of 'meth'
: rel>
-> 67283504 # Value of any message
(method 'msg 'obj) -> fun- Returns the function body of the method that would be executed upon sending
the message
msg to the object obj. If the message
cannot be located in obj, its classes and superclasses,
NIL is returned. See also OO Concepts,
send, try, meth, super, extra, class.
: (method 'mis> '+Number)
-> ((Val Obj) (and Val (not (num? Val)) "Numeric input expected"))
(methods 'sym) -> lst- (Debug mode only) Returns a list of method specifications for the object or
class
sym, as they are inherited from sym's classes
and superclasses. See also OO Concepts, dep, class and can.
: (more (methods '+Joint))
(keep> . +Joint)
(lose> . +Joint)
(rel> . +Joint)
(mis> . +Joint)
(T . +Joint)
(print> . +relation)
(zap> . +relation)
(del> . +relation)
(put> . +relation)
(has> . +relation)
(ele> . +relation)
(min 'any ..) -> any- Returns the smallest of all
any arguments. See also max and Comparing.
: (min 2 'a 'z 9)
-> 2
: (min (5) (2 3) 'X)
-> X
(minKey 'tree ['any1 ['any2]]) -> any- Returns the smallest key in a database tree. If a minimal key
any1 and/or a maximal key any2 is given, the smallest
key from that range is returned. See also tree, leaf, maxKey and genKey.
: (minKey (tree 'nr '+Item))
-> 1
: (minKey (tree 'nr '+Item) 3 5)
-> 3
(mini 'fun 'lst ..) -> any- Applies
fun to each element of lst. When
additional lst arguments are given, their elements are also passed
to fun. Returns that element from lst for which
fun returned a minimal value (and stores the minimal value in the
global variable @@). See also maxi and sort.
: (setq A 1 B 2 C 3)
-> 3
: (mini val '(A B C))
-> A
(mix 'lst cnt|'any ..) -> lst- Builds a list from the elements of the argument
lst, as
specified by the following cnt|'any arguments. If such an argument
is a positive number, the n'th element from lst is taken. If it is
a negative number, the n'th CDR. Otherwise that argument is evaluated and the
result is used.
: (mix '(a b c d) 3 4 1 2)
-> (c d a b)
: (mix '(a b c d) -2 1)
-> ((c d) a)
: (mix '(a b c d) 1 'A 4 'D)
-> (a A d D)
(mmeq 'lst 'lst) -> any- Returns the tail of the second argument
lst that starts with a
member of the first argument lst, otherwise NIL.
== is used for comparison (pointer
equality). See also member, memq, asoq and delq.
: (mmeq '(a b c) '(d e f))
-> NIL
: (mmeq '(a b c) '(d b x))
-> (b x)
(money 'num ['sym]) -> sym- Formats a number
num into a digit string with two decimal
places, according to the current locale. If an additional currency name is
given, it is appended (separated by a space). See also telStr, datStr and format.
: (money 123456789)
-> "1,234,567.89"
: (money 12345 "EUR")
-> "123.45 EUR"
: (locale "DE" "de")
-> NIL
: (money 123456789 "EUR")
-> "1.234.567,89 EUR"
(more 'lst ['fun]) -> flg(more 'cls) -> any- (Debug mode only) Displays the elements of
lst (first form), or
the type and methods of cls (second form). fun
defaults to println. In the second
form, the method definitions of cls are pretty-printed with
pp. After each step, more
waits for a key, and terminates when ESC is pressed. In that case,
T is returned, otherwise (when end of data is reached)
NIL. See also query and
show.
: (more (all)) # Display all internal symbols
!
$
%
&
*
-> T
: (more (all) show) # 'show' all internal symbols
! 27131845007
doc "@doc/ref_.html"
*Dbg ((1458 "@src/flow.l" llvm pico))
$ 27131845049
doc "@doc/ref_.html"
*Dbg ((1508 "@src/flow.l" llvm pico))
% -27131839417
doc "@doc/ref_.html"
*Dbg ((1245 "@src/big.l" llvm pico))
& -27131839537
doc "@doc/ref_.html"
*Dbg ((1380 "@src/big.l" llvm pico))
* -27131839339
doc "@doc/ref_.html"
*Dbg ((1174 "@src/big.l" llvm pico))
...
: (more '+Link) # Display a class
(+relation)
(dm mis> (Val Obj)
(and
Val
(nor (isa (: type) Val) ("canQuery" Val))
"Type error" ) )
(dm T (Var Lst)
(unless (=: type (car Lst)) (quit "No Link" Var))
(super Var) )
-> NIL
(msg 'any ['any ..]) -> any- Prints
any with print, followed by all any
arguments (printed with prin) and a
newline, to standard error. The first any argument is returned.
: (msg (1 a 2 b 3 c) " is a mixed " "list")
(1 a 2 b 3 c) is a mixed list
-> (1 a 2 b 3 c)