I

+Idx

Prefix class for maintaining non-unique full-text indexes to +String relations, a subclass of +Ref. Accepts optional arguments for the minimally indexed substring length (defaults to 3), and a +Hook attribute. Often used in combination with the +Sn soundex index, or the +Fold index prefix classes. See also Database.

(rel nm (+Sn +Idx +String))  # Name

+IdxFold

Prefix class for maintaining non-unique indexes to subsequent substrings of the folded individual words of +String relations. Accepts optional arguments for the minimally indexed substring length (defaults to 3), and a +Hook attribute. See also +Idx and Database.

(rel nm (+IdxFold +String))            # Item Description

+index

Abstract base class of all database B-Tree index relations (prefix classes for +relations). The class hierarchy includes +Key, +Ref, +Idx and +IdxFold. See also Database.

(isa '+index Rel)  # Check for an index relation

(id 'num ['num]) -> sym

(id 'sym [NIL]) -> num

(id 'sym T) -> (num . num)

Converts one (the internal block number) or two (file and block) numbers to an external symbol, or an external symbol to a number or a pair of numbers.

: (id 7)
-> {7}
: (id 1 2)
-> {2}
: (id '{A2})
-> 2
: (id '{A2} T)
-> (2 . 2)

(idx 'var 'any 'flg) -> lst
(idx 'var 'any) -> lst
(idx 'var) -> lst

Maintains an index tree in var, and checks for the existence of any. If any is contained in var, the corresponding subtree is returned, otherwise NIL. In the first form, any is destructively inserted into the tree if flg is non-NIL (and any was not already there), or deleted from the tree if flg is NIL. The second form only checks for existence, but does not change the index tree. In the third form (when called with a single var argument) the contents of the tree are returned as a sorted list. If all elements are inserted in sorted order, the tree degenerates into a linear list. See also lup, enum, hash, rev, depth, sort, balance and member.

: (idx 'X 'd T)                              # Insert data
-> NIL
: (idx 'X 2 T)
-> NIL
: (idx 'X '(a b c) T)
-> NIL
: (idx 'X 17 T)
-> NIL
: (idx 'X 'A T)
-> NIL
: (idx 'X 'd T)
-> (d (2 NIL 17 NIL A) (a b c))              # 'd' already existed
: (idx 'X T T)
-> NIL
: X                                          # View the index tree
-> (d (2 NIL 17 NIL A) (a b c) NIL T)
: (idx 'X 'A)                                # Check for 'A'
-> (A)
: (idx 'X 'B)                                # Check for 'B'
-> NIL
: (idx 'X)
-> (2 17 A d (a b c) T)                      # Get list
: (idx 'X 17 NIL)                            # Delete '17'
-> (17 NIL A)
: X
-> (d (2 NIL A) (a b c) NIL T)               # View it again
: (idx 'X)
-> (2 A d (a b c) T)                         # '17' is deleted

(if 'any1 any2 . prg) -> any

Conditional execution: If the condition any1 evaluates to non-NIL, any2 is evaluated and returned. Otherwise, prg is executed and the result returned. See also ifn, cond, when and if2.

: (if (> 4 3) (println 'OK) (println 'Bad))
OK
-> OK
: (if (> 3 4) (println 'OK) (println 'Bad))
Bad
-> Bad

(if2 'any1 'any2 any3 any4 any5 . prg) -> any

Four-way conditional execution for two conditions: If both conditions any1 and any2 evaluate to non-NIL, any3 is evaluated and returned. Otherwise, any4 or any5 is evaluated and returned if any1 or any2 evaluate to non-NIL, respectively. If none of the conditions evaluate to non-NIL, prg is executed and the result returned. See also if and cond.

: (if2 T T 'both 'first 'second 'none)
-> both
: (if2 T NIL 'both 'first 'second 'none)
-> first
: (if2 NIL T 'both 'first 'second 'none)
-> second
: (if2 NIL NIL 'both 'first 'second 'none)
-> none

(ifn 'any1 any2 . prg) -> any

Conditional execution ("If not"): If the condition any1 evaluates to NIL, any2 is evaluated and returned. Otherwise, prg is executed and the result returned. See also if, nor, nand, unless and nond.

: (ifn (= 3 4) (println 'OK) (println 'Bad))
OK
-> OK

(import . lst) -> lst

Wrapper function for intern. Typically used to import symbols from other namespaces, as created by symbols. lst should be a list of symbols. See also pico, private and local and export.

: (import libA~foo libB~bar)
-> (foo bar)

(in 'any . prg) -> any

Opens any as input channel during the execution of prg. The current input channel will be saved and restored appropriately. If the argument is NIL, standard input is used. If the argument is a symbol, it is used as a file name (opened for reading and writing if the first character is "+"). If it is a positive number, it is used as the descriptor of an open file. If it is a negative number, the saved input channel such many levels above the current one is used. Otherwise (if it is a list), it is taken as a command with arguments, and a pipe is opened for input. The (system dependent) exit status code of the child process is stored in the global variable @@. See also ipid, call, load, file, out, err, poll, pipe and ctl.

: (in "a" (list (read) (read) (read)))  # Read three items from file "a"
-> (123 (a b c) def)

: (in '(file "-b" "--mime" "bin/picolisp")  # Get the mime type
   (line T) )
-> "application/x-executable; charset=binary"

(inc 'num) -> num
(inc 'var ['num]) -> num

The first form returns the value of num incremented by 1. The second form increments the VAL of var by 1, or by num. If the first argument is NIL, it is returned immediately. (inc Num) is equivalent to (+ Num 1) and (inc 'Var) is equivalent to (set 'Var (+ Var 1)). See also dec and +.

: (inc 7)
-> 8
: (inc -1)
-> 0
: (zero N)
-> 0
: (inc 'N)
-> 1
: (inc 'N 7)
-> 8
: N
-> 8

: (setq L (1 2 3 4))
-> (1 2 3 4)
: (inc (cdr L))
-> 3
: L
-> (1 3 3 4)

(inc! 'obj 'sym ['num]) -> num

Transaction wrapper function for inc. num defaults to 1. Note that for incrementing a property value of an entity typically the inc!> message is used. See also new!, request!, set! and put!.

(inc! Obj 'cnt 0)  # Incrementing a property of a non-entity object

(index 'any 'lst) -> cnt | NIL

Returns the cnt position of any in lst, or NIL if it is not found. See also offset and sub?.

: (index 'c '(a b c d e f))
-> 3
: (index '(5 6) '((1 2) (3 4) (5 6) (7 8)))
-> 3

(info 'any ['flg]) -> (cnt|flg dat . tim)

Returns information about a file with the name any: The current size cnt in bytes, and the modification date and time (UTC, or local time if flg is zero). For directories, T is returned instead of the size, and NIL for other non-regular files. The file argument itself is stored in the global variable @@). If flg is non-NIL and any is the name of a symbolic link, then the link itself is used, not the file that it refers to. See also dir, date and time.

$ ls -l x.l
-rw-r--r--   1 abu      users         208 Jun 17 08:58 x.l
$ pil +
: (info "x.l")
-> (208 730594 . 32315)
: (stamp 730594 32315)
-> "2000-06-17 08:58:35"

(init 'tree ['any1] ['any2]) -> lst

Initializes a structure for stepping iteratively through a database tree. any1 and any2 may specify a range of keys. If any2 is greater than any1, the traversal will be in opposite direction. See also tree, step, iter and scan.

: (init (tree 'nr '+Item) 3 5)
-> (((3 . 5) ((3 NIL . {B3}) (4 NIL . {B4}) (5 NIL . {B5}) (6 NIL . {B6}))))

(input exe . prg) -> any

Establishes an input stream, by redirecting the current input channel during the execution of prg. The current input channel will be saved and restored appropriately. exe is executed (in the context of the original input channel) whenever a character is required by read calls in prg, and should return a single character upon each execution. See also output, in and pipe.

: (input "A" (char))
-> "A"
: (let S (chop "(+ 2 (* 3 4))") (input (++ S) (read)))
-> (+ 2 (* 3 4))

(insert 'cnt 'lst 'any) -> lst

Inserts any into lst at position cnt. This is a non-destructive operation. See also remove, place, append, delete and replace.

: (insert 3 '(a b c d e) 777)
-> (a b 777 c d e)
: (insert 1 '(a b c d e) 777)
-> (777 a b c d e)
: (insert 9 '(a b c d e) 777)
-> (a b c d e 777)

(intern 'sym ['nsp]) -> sym

Creates or finds an internal symbol. If a symbol with the name sym is already intern, it is returned. Otherwise, sym is interned in the current namespace and returned. If nsp is non-NIL, sym is always interned in the current namespace (if nsp is T) or in the given namespace, even if it is found in other namespaces. See also symbols, zap, import and extern.

: (intern "abc")
-> abc
: (intern 'car)
-> car
: ((intern (pack "c" "a" "r")) (1 2 3))
-> 1

(ipid) -> pid | NIL

Returns the corresponding process ID when the current input channel is reading from a pipe, otherwise NIL. See also opid, in, pipe and load.

: (in '(ls "-l") (println (line T)) (kill (ipid)))
"total 7364"
-> T

(isa 'cls|typ 'obj) -> obj | NIL

Returns obj when it is an object that inherits from cls or type. See also OO Concepts, class, type, new and object.

: (isa '+Address Obj)
-> {A17}
: (isa '(+Male +Person) Obj)
-> NIL

isa/2

Pilog predicate that succeeds if the second argument is of the type or class given by the first argument, according to the isa function. Typically used in db/3 or select/3 database queries. See also same/3, bool/3, range/3, head/3, fold/3, part/3 and tolr/3.

: (? (db nm +Person @Prs) (isa +Woman @Prs) (val @Nm @Prs nm))
 @Prs={A44} @Nm="Alexandra of Denmark"
 @Prs={A124} @Nm="Alice Maud Mary"
 @Prs={A21} @Nm="Anne"
 @Prs={A57} @Nm="Augusta Victoria".  # Stop

(iter 'tree ['fun] ['any1] ['any2] ['flg])

Iterates through a database tree by applying fun to all values. fun defaults to println. any1 and any2 may specify a range of keys. If any2 is greater than any1, the traversal will be in opposite direction. Note that the keys need not to be atomic, depending on the application's index structure. If flg is non-NIL, partial keys are skipped. See also tree, ubIter, scan, init and step.

: (iter (tree 'nr '+Item))
{B1}
{B2}
{B3}
{B4}
{B5}
{B6}
-> NIL
: (iter (tree 'nr '+Item) '((This) (println (: nm))))
"Main Part"
"Spare Part"
"Auxiliary Construction"
"Enhancement Additive"
"Metal Fittings"
"Gadget Appliance"
"Testartikel"
-> NIL