+Need
+relation
s. Note that this does not
enforce any requirements by itself, it only returns an error message if the
mis>
message is explicitly called, e.g. by GUI functions. See
also Database.
(rel nr (+Need +Key +Number)) # Item number is mandatory
+Number
+relation
. Accepts an optional argument
for the fixpoint scale (currently not used). See also Database.
(rel pr (+Number) 2) # Price, with two decimal places
(n== 'any ..) -> flg
T
when not all any
arguments are the same
(pointer equality). (n== 'any ..)
is equivalent to (not (==
'any ..))
. See also ==
and Comparing.
: (n== 'a 'a) -> NIL : (n== (1) (1)) -> T
(n0 'any) -> flg
T
when any
is not a number with value
zero. See also =0
, lt0
, le0
, ge0
and gt0
.
: (n0 (- 6 3 2 1)) -> NIL : (n0 'a) -> T
(nT 'any) -> flg
T
when any
is not the symbol
T
. See also =T.
: (nT 0) -> T : (nT "T") -> T : (nT T) -> NIL
(name 'sym) -> sym
sym
. See also
str
, sym
, symbols
, zap
and intern
.
: (name 'abc) -> "abc" : (name "abc") -> "abc" : (name '{A17}) -> "A17" : (name (new)) -> NIL
(namespaces ['flg]) -> lst
flg
is non-NIL
, their nested tree
is printed as a side effect. See also symbols
and shadows
.
$ pil + : (namespaces) -> (pico vip llvm priv) : (namespaces T) pico vip llvm priv -> (pico vip llvm priv) $ pty # After starting "steps", "browser" and "chess" in PilBox chess: (namespaces T) chess simul android steps browser pico svg vip gis llvm priv -> (chess simul android steps browser pico svg vip gis llvm priv)
(nand 'any ..) -> flg
any
are evaluated from left to
right. If NIL
is encountered, T
is returned
immediately. Else NIL
is returned. (nand ..)
is
equivalent to (not (and ..))
. See also and
, nor
, unless
, ifn
and nond
.
: (nand (lt0 7) (read)) -> T : (nand (lt0 -7) (read)) abc -> NIL : (nand (lt0 -7) (read)) NIL -> T
(native 'cnt1|sym1 'cnt2|sym2 'any 'any ..) -> any
"@"
(the current main program), sym1
(a library path name), or cnt1
(a library handle obtained by a
previous call). The second argument should be a symbol name sym2
,
or a function handle cnt2
obtained by a previous call).
Practically, the first two arguments will be always passed as transient symbols,
which will get the library handle and function handle assigned as values to be
cached and used in subsequent calls. The third argument any
is a
result specification, while all following arguments are the arguments to the
native function. The functionality is described in detail in Native C Calls.
The result specification may either be one of the atoms
NIL void B byte # Byte (unsigned 8 bit) C char # Character (UTF-8, 1-4 bytes) W short # Word (signed 16 bit) I int # Integer (signed 32 bit) N long # Number (signed 64 bit) P void* # Pointer (unsigned 64 bit) S string # String (UTF-8) -1.0 float # Scaled fixpoint number +1.0 double # Scaled fixpoint number T # Direct Lisp value
or nested lists of these atoms with size specifications to denote arrays and structures, e.g.
(N . 4) # long[4]; -> (1 2 3 4) (N (C . 4)) # {long; char[4];} -> (1234 ("a" "b" "c" NIL)) (N (B . 7)) # {long; byte[7];} -> (1234 (1 2 3 4 5 6 7))
Arguments can be
T
in the CAR
double
, otherwise as a float
)
NIL
)
(num . cnt)
where 'num
' is stored in
a field of 'cnt
' bytes
(sym . cnt)
where 'sym
' is stored as
a null-terminated string in a field of 'cnt
' bytes
(1.0 num ...)
where the 'num
'
elements (scaled fixpoint numbers) are stored as a sequence of double
precision floating point numbers
(-1.0 num ...)
where the 'num
'
elements (scaled fixpoint numbers) are stored as a sequence of single
precision floating point numbers
native
takes care of allocating memory for strings, arrays or
structures, and frees that memory when done.
For NaN or negative infinity fixpoint values NIL
, and for
positive infinity T
is returned.
See also %@
, struct
, adr
, lisp
and errno
.
: (native "@" "unlink" 'I "file") # Same as (%@ "unlink" 'I "file") -> 0 : (native "libcrypto.so" "SHA1" '(B . 20) "abcd" 4 0) -> (129 254 139 254 135 87 108 62 203 34 66 111 142 87 132 115 130 145 122 207)
(need 'cnt ['lst ['any]]) -> lst
(need 'cnt ['num|sym]) -> lst
cnt
elements. When called without
optional arguments, a list of cnt
NIL
's is returned.
When lst
is given, it is extended to the left (if cnt
is positive) or (destructively) to the right (if cnt
is negative)
with any
elements. In the second form, a list of cnt
atomic values is returned. See also range
.
: (need 5) -> (NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL) # Allocate 5 cells : (need 5 '(a b c)) -> (NIL NIL a b c) : (need -5 '(a b c)) -> (a b c NIL NIL) : (need 5 '(a b c) " ") # String alignment -> (" " " " a b c) : (need 7 0) -> (0 0 0 0 0 0 0) : (need 5 (2 3) 1) -> (1 1 1 2 3)
(new ['flg|num|sym] ['typ ['any ..]]) -> obj
T
or a number, the new object will be an external symbol (created
in database file 1 if T
, or in the corresponding database file if
num
is given). If it is a symbol, it is used directly.
typ
(a list of classes) is assigned to the VAL
, and
the initial T
message is sent with the arguments any
to the new object. If no T
message is defined for the classes in
typ
or their superclasses, the any
arguments should
evaluate to alternating keys and values for the initialization of the new
object. See also box
, object
, class
, type
, isa
, send
and Database.
: (new) -> $134426427 : (new T '(+Address)) -> {A3}
(new! 'typ ['any ..]) -> obj
new
. (new! '(+Cls) 'key 'val ...)
is equivalent to (dbSync) (new (db: +Cls) '(+Cls) 'key 'val ...) (commit
'upd)
. See also request!
, set!
, put!
and inc!
.
: (new! '(+Item) # Create a new item 'nr 2 # Item number 'nm "Spare Part" # Description 'sup (db 'nr '+CuSu 2) # Supplier 'inv 100 # Inventory 'pr 12.50 ) # Price
(next) -> any
@
). Returns the next argument from the internal list. See also
args
, arg
, rest
, and pass
.
: (de foo @ (println (next))) # Print next argument -> foo : (foo) NIL -> NIL : (foo 123) 123 -> 123
(nil . prg) -> NIL
prg
, and returns NIL
. See also t
, prog
,
prog1
and prog2
.
: (nil (println 'OK)) OK -> NIL
nil/1
NIL
. See also not/1
.
: (? @X NIL (nil @X)) @X=NIL -> NIL
(noLint 'sym)
(noLint 'sym|(sym . cls) 'sym2)
sym
(in the first form), or for variable binding and usage of
sym2
in the function definition, file contents or method body of
sym
(second form), during calls to lint
. See also lintAll
.
: (de foo () (bar FreeVariable) ) -> foo : (lint 'foo) -> ((def bar) (bnd FreeVariable)) : (noLint 'bar) -> bar : (noLint 'foo 'FreeVariable) -> (foo . FreeVariable) : (lint 'foo) -> NIL
(nond ('any1 . prg1) ('any2 . prg2) ..) -> any
anyN
conditions evaluates to NIL
, prgN
is executed and the
result returned. Otherwise (all conditions evaluate to non-NIL
),
NIL
is returned. See also cond
, ifn
, unless
, nor
and nand
.
: (nond ((= 3 3) (println 1)) ((= 3 4) (println 2)) (NIL (println 3)) ) 2 -> 2
(nor 'any ..) -> flg
any
are evaluated from left to
right. If a non-NIL
value is encountered, NIL
is
returned immediately. Else T
is returned. (nor ..)
is
equivalent to (not (or ..))
. See also or
, nand
, unless
, ifn
and nond
.
: (nor (lt0 7) (= 3 4)) -> T
(not 'any) -> flg
T
if any
evaluates to
NIL
.
: (not (== 'a 'a)) -> NIL : (not (get 'a 'a)) -> T
not/1
nil/1
, true/0
and fail/0
.
: (? (equal 3 4)) -> NIL : (? (not (equal 3 4))) -> T
(nsp 'sym) -> sym
sym
is found in, according to the current symbols
search order. See also
pico
.
(load "@lib/gis.l") : (symbols '(gis pico)) -> (pico) gis: (nsp 'gis) -> pico gis: (nsp 'Zoom) -> gis gis: (nsp 'osmStat) -> gis
(nth 'lst 'cnt ..) -> lst
lst
starting from the cnt
'th
element of lst
. Successive cnt
arguments operate on
the CARs of the results in the same way. (nth 'lst 2)
is equivalent
to (cdr 'lst)
. See also get
.
: (nth '(a b c d) 2) -> (b c d) : (nth '(a (b c) d) 2 2) -> (c) : (cdadr '(a (b c) d)) -> (c)
(num? 'any) -> num | NIL
any
when the argument any
is a number,
otherwise NIL
. See also sym?
, atom
and pair
.
: (num? 123) -> 123 : (num? (1 2 3)) -> NIL